Introduction to Programming

1. 1. What is Programming?
   2. Importance and Applications of Programming
   3. Common Programming Languages
   4. Setting Up a Development Environment
   5. Your First “Hello, World!” Program

 Understanding Variables and Data Types

1. Variables and Memory
2. Data Types: Integers, Floats, Strings, Booleans
3. Variable Declaration and Initialization
4. Type Conversion and Casting

Basic Input and Output

1. Outputting Information: Printing and Displaying
2. Inputting Information: Reading User Input
3. Formatting Output

Conditional Statements

1. Introduction to Conditional Statements
2. if, else, and elif statements
3. Nested and Chained Conditionals
4. Logical Operators (AND, OR, NOT)

Loops and Iterations

1. Introduction to Loops
2. while loop
3. for loop
4. Loop Control Statements: break and continue

Arrays and Lists

1. 1. 1. Introduction to Arrays and Lists
      2. Creating and Initializing Lists
      3. Accessing and Modifying List Elements
      4. List Operations: Slicing, Concatenation, and Repetition

Functions

1. 1. Introduction to Functions
   2. Defining and Calling Functions
   3. Function Parameters and Return Values
   4. Scope of Variables: Local and Global

String Manipulation

1. 1. Introduction to Strings
   2. String Methods: Length, Concatenation, Upper/Lower Case, Formatting
   3. String Indexing and Slicing

Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

1. OOP Concepts: Classes and Objects
2. Defining Classes and Creating Objects
3. Class Attributes and Methods
4. Encapsulation, Inheritance, and Polymorphism

Error Handling

1. Handling Exceptions: try, except, finally blocks
2. Common Types of Errors

Introduction to Data Structures and Algorithms

1. 1. What are Data Structures and Algorithms?

      1. Data Structures: Example: Arrays, Linked Lists.
      2. Algorithms

   2. Importance of DSA in Programming

   3. Big O Notation and Time Complexity

      1. Understanding algorithm efficiency using Big O notation.
   4. Strings and String Manipulation

Fundamental Problem-Solving Techniques

1. 1. Arrays and Linked Lists

   2. Searching Algorithms: Linear Search and Binary Search

   3. Sorting Algorithms: Bubble Sort, Selection Sort, Insertion Sort

   4. Recursion and Backtracking